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Material and classification of membrane separation technology
According to the separation effect of the membrane itself on the solution, the membrane separation process can be classified according to the following methods.
1. Driven by pressure difference
There are microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis membrane and so on. The comparison between the main membrane separation (membrane filtration) process and the conventional water treatment methods; the distinction range between membrane filtration and conventional filtration.
2. Driven by electrochemical potential
There are electrodialysis (ED, EDR), electrodeionization (EDI) and other categories. The membrane material is cation and anion exchange membrane, and the module type is plate type or roll type. Mainly in brackish water, seawater desalination, ultra pure water preparation.
Materials and classification of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes
1. Membrane material
It can be divided into organic and inorganic.
Organic polymers: cellulose acetate, polypropylene, polycarbonate vinegar, poly alum, poly phthalamide, etc.
Inorganic membrane materials: by metal, metal oxide, ceramics, glass, stainless steel powder and other materials sintered. They have the advantages of heat resistance, good chemical stability and high mechanical strength.
It is manufactured into microfiltration elements, such as wire wound filter element, folded filter element, Qinbang filter element, stainless steel dense mesh filter element, PP melt blown filter element, etc., with the precision of 0.1, 0.22, 0.45, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 μ M.
2. Economic comparison between polyamine membrane (PA) and cellulose acetate membrane (CA)
(1) The service life of poly (phthalamide) membrane is longer than that of cellulose acetate membrane.
(2) The mechanical properties, compressive density and anti pollution properties of PPTA membrane are better than those of ACF membrane.
(3) The chemical resistance of poly (phthalamide) membrane is better than that of cellulose acetate membrane, and the pH value of the membrane can adapt to a wide range. Therefore, various cleaning agents with different pH values can be used to improve the cleaning effect of the membrane.
(4) The desalination rates of divalent and univalent ions in the poly (phthalamide) membrane are better than those of cellulose acetate membrane.
(5) The poly (phthalamide) membrane is easily eroded by residual chlorine, and it is required that there is no residual chlorine in the influent. Generally, when the pH is less than 8, the residual chlorine should be controlled no more than 0.04mg/l; when the pH is greater than 8, the residual chlorine should be controlled less than 0.25mg/l. Cellulose acetate membrane is easy to be eroded by bacteria and microorganisms, so the residual chlorine in influent water should be maintained at. 5 mg / L to prevent the growth of bacteria and microorganisms, but the residual chlorine more than 1 mg / l will also cause the damage of cellulose acetate membrane.
(6) The price of poly (phthalamide) membrane is higher than that of cellulose acetate membrane.
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